AUCTORES
Globalize your Research
Review Article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2693-4779/021
1 Ph.d Student. Department clinical psychology, Neyshabur University, Iran.
*Corresponding Author: Bafandegan Vahid Ph.d Student. Department clinical psychology, Neyshabur University, Iran.
Citation: Bafandegan Vahid. (2021) Comparison of the effectiveness of feminist therapy with sex therapy Based CBT on sexual intimacy in Betrayed Women. Clinical Research and Clinical Trials. 3(1); DOI:10.31579/2693-4779/021
Copyright: © 2021, Bafandegan Vahid. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received: 29 January 2021 | Accepted: 27 February 2021 | Published: 02 March 2021
Keywords: feminist therapy; sex therapy; inventory sexual intimacy (SII ); women
The Present Study Aims to Comparison of the effectiveness of feminist therapy (FT) with sex therapy on sexual intimacy in female. This Study Was Typed of Experimental Studies with pre- test and Post-Test with Control Group. The Study Consisted of All woman Referred to the Counselling Centres in university Neyshabur City. A Sample of 36 People Was Selected Then Randomly Assigned to Two Experimental Groups and One Control Groups. The people inventory sexual intimacy Botlani (SII) Was Used for Data Collection Then Based on 12 Meetings 90 Minutes for the Experiment Groups. The Pre-Test and Post-Test Scores Were Analysed Using a Manova Test in the SPSS 20 Software. According to the Results of Showed feminist Therapy More Effect Than Other Experimental Group and Control Group (p≤0.001) so sex Therapy More Effect Than Control Group in Variable (p≤0.001). The conclusion is that the feminist therapy approach can be used to increase sexual intimacy in developing Muslim societies.
Today we have less psychotherapy research in the field of women than men. In this sense, therapeutic approaches have followed a coherent and unified approach since the 1970s. The result was some disorders in women, such as premenstrual syndrome in women (Kaylali. J., Brown, S. L., Wanamaker, K. A., & Greiner, L. E, 2014). According to Accord (2017), women’s studies are summarized in three waves, and the third wave emphasizes cultural-therapeutic approaches. Feminist therapy (FT) is also highly dependent on culture. Feminist therapy does not offer a specific package protocol and Depending on the researcher’s studies. In Iranian culture, girls have a passive role due to mandatory Islamic laws and they do not have the right to choose in marriage. Hence, we are in society with numerous betrayals by men, which is never mentioned anywhere due to the propaganda of the system. It has led to the continuation of women’s passivity in other aspects of her life, such as employment. And in the end, it does not lead to the flourishing of female talents. But striving for equality can lead to systematic growth of the whole family and consequently to the growth and perfection of the family (Farnam, F., Janghorbani, M., Raisi, F., & Merghati‐Khoei, E, 2014). Psychology texts consider marriage to be feminine and it is effective not only in promoting interpersonal communication but also in women’s physiology, such as regulating the menstrual cycle. (Lorenz, T. K., Demas, G. E., & Heiman, J. R, 2015). For this reason, a lot of research has been done in the field of couples. Bagarozzi (2014) considers intimacy as a basic need that is rooted in attachment. According to Bagarozzi, Batlani in Iran has done a similar research on Iranian culture and made an inventory. To understand the subject, research on couples is considered the best opportunity and many other researchers, such as Eric Erickson, Sullivan, and Balbi,
Have done research .Although they have been criticized a lot because women are ignored. For example, Eric Erickson has named his book ‘The Eight Stages of Man’ (Dadstan, P. 2001). Many approaches have addressed the issue of intimacy, such as therapeutic approaches: cognitive therapy, gestal therapy, sex therapy, etc. Intimacy is made up of many factors. These factors require a holistic approach that combines cognitive-behavioural approaches with existentialism & …. Feminist therapy creates these conditions. This approach is considered as an integrated approach that builds all other approaches on the basis of power (Harrow, 1997). In other approaches to psychotherapy, such as the reality therapy approach, power is considered a need or the view of Islamic psychology in Iran considers power in the hands of men and Islamic psychology considers women as the property of men (It is important in Iran
Especially in Muslim societies- which can be mentioned due to the prohibitions related to jurisprudence in research processes). In the feminist therapeutic approach, power is derived from the principles of modern sociology. Marx considers power to be based on tools and wealth and Foucault (1972) considers power in knowledge. Therefore, one of the factor of feminist therapy are the job and knowledge. Power in feminist therapy is analysed on the basis of "external and internal, situational and semantic. In the field of external awareness we have: 1.Inequality of power in the Islamic structural system that leads to the formation of defence mechanisms in women’s interpersonal relationships 2.personal history such as the identification of sexual experiences (B.O.S.) 3.betrayal, which is likened to acid droplets as a metaphor. In fact, the necessary tools such as VIS, “B.O.S”, GOF (emotional fog) or ″Social, historical and Interpersonal″ narratives are important for the client’s formulation (Brown, L. S, 1986). In our research, we emphasize the Criticism and Rejection of Islamic rules rather than the solid principles of theory. Like Criticism and Rejection the story of Eve in the Qur’an, or the role of the media, which emphasizes Feminine passivity like the movie Davat. In Shia Aslam, sex is reserved for men, a man can marry up to four women at a time, while in women, and even sexual expression is shameful. According to the above topics, the therapist plays a sensitizing and informative role responsibly with client-centred approach (Accord, 2017). Classical feminists such as Helen Deutsch and Horne began their research mainly in the field of sex, which was rooted in Freud’s theory. Freud saw healing in solving sexual oppression. In fact, he considered sexual issues as his independent variable. Sex is a biological perspective, it plays a significant role in the formation of a person’s ego as the structure of his personality. Reports show a 30% role in the variance of marital conflict. (Jafarbiglo .E. A ; Bakeries. S;dadkhahtehrani .T, 2017). Sex therapy teaches the physiology and stages of the sex cycle
Based on the theories of Masters Johnson and Keynes (Kaplan 2013). Of course, each stage covers a wide range of psychological matters. Like ritual in the first stage. It also addresses the issue of intimacy. In the next stage is based on the first stage and intimacy is effective in it (korrow, R, 2013). In marriage, a woman benefits more than a man (Brizendine, L, 2006). It is different in Shia. The main reason is the approval of Islamic jurisprudence. And sometimes rape is seen among them. For example, the illegitimate relations of Salman Khodadai (Member of Parliament), a close associate of Khamnei, and the killing of the female victim. On the other hand, taboos in Iran are more feminine than male....
The Present Study Is the Type of Semi Experiment Studies, Pre Test Post Test with Control Group: 2 experimental group and 1 control group. The Study Consisted of All student (female) Neyshabur City. 36 people based that 12 people Receive Feminist Therapy, 12 people sex Therapy and 12 people Were Control Group. First, the Announcement Was Made to Select the Sample 42 Have the Condition to Enter the Study. The People Have Problem Couse of Addiction, Mental Illness, Homicide, and Marital Infidelity Had Been Driven Out of the Study 36 people Selected Random They Have Been relationship at least Three Years; Their Age. In the Range of 20 to 50 Years. Selected 24 Couple Random Then based on 12 Meetings 90 minutes for sex therapy and 12 Meeting feminist therapy. The Control Group Did Not Receive Any Treatment, and They Were Told That They Are Waiting List in the Process of Treatment After Three Months. The Therapeutic Protocols Used in This Study Include a Package sex Method Therapy and Feminist Therapy
Inventory sexual intimacy (SII), SII included 30 items each with a 4 choice range (always, sometimes, seldom, never) with 1-4 scores. As such, “always” gets 1 score and “never” gets 4 scores. Maximum and minimum scores are 120 and 40, respectively. Higher score in- dictates more sexual intimacy of the woman. The validity of content of questionnaire was confirmed, who were psychologists and consultants at Educational Sciences Department at Isfahan University and its reliability was investigated in a study conducted by Botlani and colleagues, on 140 People who had referred to Family Cultural Centre in Isfahan City in 2008 and Chronbach’s alpha coefficient was obtained 0.81% (Botlani S, Ahmadi A, Bahrami F, Shahsiah M, Mohebbi S, 2010)
Bohan (1992) states six guidelines for feminist practitioners to follow:
Therapists are knowledgeable concerning gender role socialization and the impact these standards have on what it means to be a woman or a man.
Therapists are aware of the impact of the distribution of power within the family and power differentials between men and women in terms of decision making, child rearing, career options, and division of labor.
Therapists understand the sexist context of the social system and its impacts on both the individual and the family.
Therapists are committed to promoting roles for both women and men that are not limited by cultural or gender stereotypes.
Therapists acquire intervention skills that assist clients in their gender role journey.
Therapists are committed to work toward the elimination of gender role bias as a source of pathology in all societal institutions.
Intervention Package Sex therapy, Bilal, A. (2020):Session1: Case formulation in the context of unique psychosexual history
Session2: Reconstruction of sexual attitudes, Socratic dialog
Session3: Exploration of automatic thoughts and catastrophization…
Session4: relaxation exercises and mindfulness, to help the client control negative stress
Session5: learning sexual communication and love skills (spending time together, emotional expression, love talk, surprise gifts)
Session6: Review of relaxation exercises and mindfulness Session7: Review of love and sexual communication skills Session8: Review of sensate focus
Session9: Homework Assignment: Stop and Start Technique with a lubricant Session10: Review of stop and start technique
Session11: Review of home assignments and discussion about hot issues Session12: ermination of therapy, review of therapy goals and outcomes
Before using the analysis of covariance test, the normality of the distribution, data scatter, homogeneity of error variance, and homogeneity of regression lines were checked. All three hypotheses were confirmed, That is, it is allowed to perform ANCOVA. As shown in Table One Mean sexual intimacy of sex therapy group and feminist therapy group increased in the post- test. But there was a very small difference in the pre-test and post-test of the control group.
Table 2 shows the result of analysis of covariance, that the sum of the squares of the independent variable is 10651.858 And F= 48.681... F is obtained with DF = 36.3 a significance level of 5% larger than F in the table. Therefore, the zero hypothesis is not confirmed. In other words, with 95% confidence level, at least one of the treatment has an effect on Women’s sexual intimacy. Now we have to check: Which has a significant effect? Post hoc tests should be used (Bonferoni method)
According to the findings presented in this table. There is a statistically significant difference between the mean of the control group with both experimental groups (P <0>
Hornei was of the opinion꞉ Women, like men, have a genital tract but it is inside the body And Freud ignored it. If women have a masculine complex, men are womb envy. In the continuation of Horney’s theories, Forward, S. (2010) addressed the role of a feminist in the couple. She has worked only on women and has achieved many successes. And he believes that the only way to save the relationship is The Self-Confidence Formula for Women in society. A summary of previous theories can be seen in Laura Brown’s view (1986). Feminist therapy focuses on both industry and employment and it is an up-to-date approach. It emphasizes empowering target groups such as the disabled, the poor, and children. In the realm of couples, women’s awareness and the right strategy for the symptoms in the family is important. Another dimension of feminist therapy is employment. The economy leads to independence. And women’s independence means women’s liberation from Islamic commandments and leads to the growth of later generations, especially girls in families (Papalia, D. E., Olds, S. W., & Feldman, R. D, 2007). Hare-Mustin, R. T. (1984) with feminist psychotherapy has shown a significant increase in empowering variables compared to other approaches.
Clearly Auctoresonline and particularly Psychology and Mental Health Care Journal is dedicated to improving health care services for individuals and populations. The editorial boards' ability to efficiently recognize and share the global importance of health literacy with a variety of stakeholders. Auctoresonline publishing platform can be used to facilitate of optimal client-based services and should be added to health care professionals' repertoire of evidence-based health care resources.
Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention The submission and review process was adequate. However I think that the publication total value should have been enlightened in early fases. Thank you for all.
Journal of Women Health Care and Issues By the present mail, I want to say thank to you and tour colleagues for facilitating my published article. Specially thank you for the peer review process, support from the editorial office. I appreciate positively the quality of your journal.
Journal of Clinical Research and Reports I would be very delighted to submit my testimonial regarding the reviewer board and the editorial office. The reviewer board were accurate and helpful regarding any modifications for my manuscript. And the editorial office were very helpful and supportive in contacting and monitoring with any update and offering help. It was my pleasure to contribute with your promising Journal and I am looking forward for more collaboration.
We would like to thank the Journal of Thoracic Disease and Cardiothoracic Surgery because of the services they provided us for our articles. The peer-review process was done in a very excellent time manner, and the opinions of the reviewers helped us to improve our manuscript further. The editorial office had an outstanding correspondence with us and guided us in many ways. During a hard time of the pandemic that is affecting every one of us tremendously, the editorial office helped us make everything easier for publishing scientific work. Hope for a more scientific relationship with your Journal.
The peer-review process which consisted high quality queries on the paper. I did answer six reviewers’ questions and comments before the paper was accepted. The support from the editorial office is excellent.
Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. I had the experience of publishing a research article recently. The whole process was simple from submission to publication. The reviewers made specific and valuable recommendations and corrections that improved the quality of my publication. I strongly recommend this Journal.
Dr. Katarzyna Byczkowska My testimonial covering: "The peer review process is quick and effective. The support from the editorial office is very professional and friendly. Quality of the Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on cardiology that is useful for other professionals in the field.
Thank you most sincerely, with regard to the support you have given in relation to the reviewing process and the processing of my article entitled "Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of The Prostate Gland: A Review and Update" for publication in your esteemed Journal, Journal of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics". The editorial team has been very supportive.
Testimony of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology: work with your Reviews has been a educational and constructive experience. The editorial office were very helpful and supportive. It was a pleasure to contribute to your Journal.
Dr. Bernard Terkimbi Utoo, I am happy to publish my scientific work in Journal of Women Health Care and Issues (JWHCI). The manuscript submission was seamless and peer review process was top notch. I was amazed that 4 reviewers worked on the manuscript which made it a highly technical, standard and excellent quality paper. I appreciate the format and consideration for the APC as well as the speed of publication. It is my pleasure to continue with this scientific relationship with the esteem JWHCI.
This is an acknowledgment for peer reviewers, editorial board of Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. They show a lot of consideration for us as publishers for our research article “Evaluation of the different factors associated with side effects of COVID-19 vaccination on medical students, Mutah university, Al-Karak, Jordan”, in a very professional and easy way. This journal is one of outstanding medical journal.
Dear Hao Jiang, to Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing We greatly appreciate the efficient, professional and rapid processing of our paper by your team. If there is anything else we should do, please do not hesitate to let us know. On behalf of my co-authors, we would like to express our great appreciation to editor and reviewers.
As an author who has recently published in the journal "Brain and Neurological Disorders". I am delighted to provide a testimonial on the peer review process, editorial office support, and the overall quality of the journal. The peer review process at Brain and Neurological Disorders is rigorous and meticulous, ensuring that only high-quality, evidence-based research is published. The reviewers are experts in their fields, and their comments and suggestions were constructive and helped improve the quality of my manuscript. The review process was timely and efficient, with clear communication from the editorial office at each stage. The support from the editorial office was exceptional throughout the entire process. The editorial staff was responsive, professional, and always willing to help. They provided valuable guidance on formatting, structure, and ethical considerations, making the submission process seamless. Moreover, they kept me informed about the status of my manuscript and provided timely updates, which made the process less stressful. The journal Brain and Neurological Disorders is of the highest quality, with a strong focus on publishing cutting-edge research in the field of neurology. The articles published in this journal are well-researched, rigorously peer-reviewed, and written by experts in the field. The journal maintains high standards, ensuring that readers are provided with the most up-to-date and reliable information on brain and neurological disorders. In conclusion, I had a wonderful experience publishing in Brain and Neurological Disorders. The peer review process was thorough, the editorial office provided exceptional support, and the journal's quality is second to none. I would highly recommend this journal to any researcher working in the field of neurology and brain disorders.
Dear Agrippa Hilda, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, Editorial Coordinator, I trust this message finds you well. I want to extend my appreciation for considering my article for publication in your esteemed journal. I am pleased to provide a testimonial regarding the peer review process and the support received from your editorial office. The peer review process for my paper was carried out in a highly professional and thorough manner. The feedback and comments provided by the authors were constructive and very useful in improving the quality of the manuscript. This rigorous assessment process undoubtedly contributes to the high standards maintained by your journal.
International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I strongly recommend to consider submitting your work to this high-quality journal. The support and availability of the Editorial staff is outstanding and the review process was both efficient and rigorous.
Thank you very much for publishing my Research Article titled “Comparing Treatment Outcome Of Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Using Fluticasone Nasal Spray And Nasal Douching" in the Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. As Medical Professionals we are immensely benefited from study of various informative Articles and Papers published in this high quality Journal. I look forward to enriching my knowledge by regular study of the Journal and contribute my future work in the field of ENT through the Journal for use by the medical fraternity. The support from the Editorial office was excellent and very prompt. I also welcome the comments received from the readers of my Research Article.
Dear Erica Kelsey, Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications. We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.
I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article. Have a good day!
"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".
I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far. Keep up the great work.
We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.
I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.
I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.
I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.
Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.
“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.
Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.
